AC-DC conversion
- EVs: OBC converts grid/charger AC → DC (battery charging); aux systems step down HV battery DC → 12V.- Marine Vessels: Navigation/control systems match shipboard AC grids to device DC needs.- ChargingBackup: EV/e-bike/emergency chargers (220V/380V AC→DC); UPS charges batteries (normal grid) for outage backup.
DC-DC conversion
- EVs: 200V-800V→12V/24V (powers AC/infotainment); 12V→HV (startup); BMS balances cells (extends battery life); stable DC for motor controllers. - Marine Vessels: Match generator DC to propulsion motors; adjust voltage for navigation/communication/lighting; optimize battery-grid charging. - Other Mobility: E-bikes/scooters (36V/48V→low voltage: controllers/lights); drones (precise flight system voltage); work vehicles (battery-motor voltage match).
DC-AC conversion
- EVs: Traction (200V-800V DC→variable-frequency AC for speed control); on-board AC (DC→220V/380V AC); V2G (battery DC→AC for grid feedback).- Marine Vessels: Propulsion (battery/generator DC→AC for speed regulation); on-board grid (DC→stable AC for navigation/electronics).- Other Transport: Commercial EVs (DC→AC for traction motors: power/maneuverability balance); high-power e-scooters (AC motors: better efficiency/load).
